PHYSICAL MAP OF ASIA

PHYSICAL MAP OF EUROPE

ANALYSIS OF ZAMORA´S URBAN PLAN

A city can be described as an inhabited place of greater size, population, or importance than a town or village. The city we are going to analyze is located in the Northwest of Spain, near to Portugal, in Castilla y León on the top of the plateau.

The city plan shows an irregular lineal layout characterized by short straight streets, narrow alleyways and low houses.
The medieval city was surrounded by a wall that protected people from attacks which gave them some advantage in what fights are concerned. 
Moreover, we can distinguish some parishes like San Lázaro, the Espíritu Santo or Olivares that were created around the churches. However, as soon as population increased, some neighbourhoods were eventually created.
The main urban functions of the historic centre are commercial and we can also say cultural too. There is a lot of romanesque arte which attracts tourism who can also find shops and restaurants around this area. I think there are not many problems involving this zone since there is neither pollution or extreme noise so I can´t offer any solution.

Zamora has expanded following an industrial and residential purpose. Some of the most representative transformations in this periods are the modernist buildings, found in Santa Clara or the Plaza Mayor among others; some streets changed their lengths and shapes like for example San Torcuato.
Unlike the parragraph above, now I can outline a problem with this streets and it is the difficulty of moving by car because they are too narrow for the vehicles. As a solution, I suggest improving transport access throughout the city centre.

The outskirts of the city include: Siglo XXI, Los Llanos or La Perla throgh the XX century in order to attracts people from villages and worked in the city. We can also see in the map that during this period schools, shopping centres and industrial parks were created. Some of the problems that the outskirts offer is the distance between the city and the shopping centre that difficults the acess to it.

RURAL LANDSCAPE

A rural landscape is an area that have been modified by humans to obtein products from nature. This image shows an inland landscape, possibly located at Castilla y León, in the Meseta.

The picture shows a relief characterized by plains divided by roads and paths. The vegetation in this area is scare with some bushes growing by the sides of the paths but there is a lack of trees and excesive vegetation.
Moreover there aren´t any sources of water although there migth be irrigation cannals. According to all these, the climate of this location could be described as mediterranean inland with extreme temperatures, cold winters, hot and dry summers with a rainfall average of 300-400 mm annualy.

The predominant use of the land is for agriculture, and a secondary use of the area could be livestock raising as there is a lot of space available to do this practise. In addition, the landscape shows an openfield pattern which consists on a system for the management of the arable land. Each of them belongs to a different person and they aren´t divided by any type of fence or hedge. They also follow a regular shape and size, and makes the use of bigger machines easier.
We observe that the fields are specialized in dry crops by the color of the land and the climate of the area, it may be grow up  wheat or cereal.

Some of the problems of the rural areas are the lack of services: health, education, communication...
We can also mention the depoblation of rural areas due to the industrialization and opportunities supplied by bigger cities.
Among the measures that can be applied to deal with this deficiencies we can mention the introduction of a school, and a hospital in order to improve education and health, but also introducing new ways of communication such as buses in order to facilitate people moving from one place to another.

SPAIN´S POPULATION

Spain´s population is unevenly distributed because of historical, socioeconomic and geographical factors. With regard to history, in the 19th century there was an important population growth and the coastal and industrial areas were the most attractive places in which people moved. Afterwards, between 1960 and 1970 there was a rural depopulation that also affected coastal regions because of an increase in unemployment. As a proof we can see the difference in the population density, where cities like Madrid exceed 650 inhabitants per square kilometre whereas in the rural areas it is less than 50. In the end of the 20th century, the countryside modernisated but on the other hand, some areas stabilized a huge population like Madrid, the Canary Islands, Andalusia or the Mediterranean coast. This unevenly distribution is also caused by geographical factors such as the human tendency of living near the sea and in temperate climates. Moreover, socioeconomic reasons also affect the population distribution because people is usually more atracted to industrial areas with more job opportunities. By observing the graph below we can see that the most populated areas are Andalusia, Community of Madrid, Catalonia or the Community of Valencia gathering more or less the 60 percent of Spain´s population.

A LOMOS DE LA BESTIA

1. Summarize in a few lines the documentary.
 What we have seen in the documentary is the cruel reality that illegal immigrants are forced to live everyday since they need to escape from their previous lifes, and all the obstacles they go through in their try to achieve their objetives by train. 2. Why is the train called the Beast?  Because of its cruelty and the stories that are told about it. Many people say that the Beast can tear off somebody limbs in case they aren´t careful enough. Also, although it is very sad, many people can prove it too.

 3.What countries are the immigrants from? Where do they go?
Immigrants come from many South American countries, but they are mainly from Honduras, San Salvador, Guatemala, Brazil...
Despite of the fact that they come from different countries, they all go to the same place, United States.

4.What is the academic profesional experience of the immigrants?
 Most of them have almost no profesional experience and some have bad paid jobs. Regarding illegal jobs, they don´t see it as a crime, it is just another way of earning a living.

5.What dangers do the immigrants face during the journey? Among many other things, immigrants are exposed to being stolen, attacked, raped or even murdered.

6. What types of migratory routes are described in the documentary?
From South to North in order to move from a less civilized society to a country with a higher life quality.

7.Explain the consequences of migrations for both the countries that send the emigrants away and the countries that receive immigrants.
Migration and immigration brings some consequences as for example, for the emiting countries, the lack of employment and for the receiving countries, the economic stabilization. However, this facts doesn´t only affect economy, they are also related with the culture and society of both countries.

  8.Give your opinion.
Finally, as a conclussion, I liked the documentary because it taught me things about immigration that I didn´t know. On the other hand, I gelt completely powerless and helpless because I can´t do anything to help them and solve that situation. Inspite of this I believe it is a great documentary that shows some people situation and help us to retrain about how lucky we are for have being born in this country. It also shocked me that immigrants didn´t matter a lot their lifes or possesions and made me think in how difficult the situation had to be to force people to go for a ride in ``La Bestia´´.

POPULATION PYRAMID

A population pyramid is a graph that shows the structure of society by sex and age given in a specific time and place. The pyramid we are talking about shows the demographic structure of country 1 in the 2012. Observing the sex ratio we can say that the percentage of girls and boys born is the same, 16%. The sex ratio matches at the age of 50-54 years. Life expectancy is very similar in both sexs although it is higher for women. This might be caused because women are exposed to less risky jobs and have better health cares maybe because of better genetics too. With regard to the shape of the pyramid we can see an expansive shape with concave sides. This country is clearly in stage 1. In addition, the structure of the pyramid exhibits high birth and death rates and also quite short life expectancy. The age group with a larger number of people is the Young dependants that means that there is high birth rates. There aren't many irregularities in the pyramid shape and we can see that it is in the first stage, following the previous evidences, including the concave sides and the expansive shape. As we can see, this country, probably Niger, is in LEDC phase, it is a developing country. Among the measures that can be applied to deal with the short life expectancy or the country deficiencies we can mention some better hygienic conditions, more potable water and food resources etc. According to the data shown, we can predict that Niger is going to be developing until new measures will be included.